TB Clip 2022년 6월호 본문 이미지

편집자 한마디!

국내외 결핵(TB)뉴스

학술연구자료

STOP - TB 코리아 소식

WHO는 지난 5월 24일에 약물 감수성 결핵(DS-TB) 치료에 대한 업데이트된 통합 가이드라인 을 발표했습니다.
이 지침에는 이소니아지드, 리파펜틴, 목시플록사신 및 피라지나미드로 구성된 4개월 요법에 대한 새로운 권장 사항을 포함하여 DS-TB치료에 대한 현재 권장사항이 모두 포함되어 있으며, 표준 6개월 요법도 약물 감수성 폐결핵 치료의 대안으로 남아 있습니다. WHO 권고사항의 이행을 지원하도록 설계된 운영 핸드북이 관계자의 이해를 돕기 위해 발간되었으니 참조하시기 바랍니다.

The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated a process of updating the Target Regimen Profiles for TB treatment, initially published in 2016. To collect the views and positions of stakeholders on future needs in terms of TB treatment, WHO is currently conducting a survey which is open until 19 June 2022. The survey is fully anonymous and its completion takes about 10 minutes. To complete the survey, click here.

The World Health Organization (WHO) released updated consolidated guidelines on treatment of drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) including a new recommendation for the use of a 4-month regimen composed of isoniazid, rifapentine, moxifloxacin and pyrazinamid. The guidelines are complemented by an operational handbook designed to assist the implementation of WHO recommendations by Member States, technical partners and others who are involved in the management of patients with DS-TB.

The WHO issues three new manuals to support the implementation of its recommended TB diagnostic tests. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Stop TB Partnership’s Global Laboratory Initiative (GLI) working group released three new manuals to support the implementation of WHO-recommended rapid molecular diagnostic tests for the detection of TB and drug-resistant TB , the processing of stool samples for the diagnosis of childhood TB , and the interpretation and reporting of line probe assays for detection of drug-resistant TB .

The Stop TB Partnership launched an updated edition of its Language Guide Words Matter calling for everyone to champion empowering TB language free from stigma and discrimination. The new updated edition reflects the new approaches, tools, drugs, diagnostics, and innovations now in use to combat TB. The update also takes account of dramatic shifts in thinking and evidence around human rights and gender that remain a priority for people affected by TB.

The Stop TB Partnership released the Global Digital TB Surveillance Assessment report giving a rapid assessment of the TB surveillance systems with a special focus on real-time TB reporting in 19 countries. The report is part of the Global Fund Strategic Initiative for Data System Initiative. The goal of the initiative is to enable countries to rapidly adapt and scale-up real-time case-based surveillance systems for TB.

The World Health Organization's Global TB Program and the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases are seeking expressions of interest from independent researchers/research groups, academic institutions or other entities with relevant expertise and experience in conducting research on paediatric TB diagnostic approaches. For full details about the call, click here. The deadline for applications is 30 June 2022.

The Stop TB Partnership, in collaboration with USAID and its Infectious Disease Detection and Surveillance project (IDDS), have developed packages of customizable training modules for countries to adapt, using the Introducing New Tools Project (iNTP) . Check out the training modules on ultra-portable X-ray and computer-aided detection (CAD) of TB and Truenat testing

Scientists found that a small molecule under development, SMARt751, reverses the TB bacteria resistance to ethionamide, a second-line antibiotic usually reserved for multidrug-resistant TB. In the presence of SMARt751, the bacteria can no long bypass ethonamide and survive. Based on their extensive laboratory research, scientists are so far paving the way to outfox the resistance strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

According to a study published in PLOS Biology, a new class of antibiotics (derived from plant extracts) is highly effective against drug-resistant TB. If validated in clinical trials, the new drug class would represent a major advance in the treatment of TB.

TB Alliance will convene a special Stakeholders Association meeting as a virtual event on 23 June 2022. The meeting will focus on the recent World Health Organization Rapid Communication on key changes to the treatment of drug-resistant TB. For further details about the meeting and to register, click here .

A study published in Nature Microbiology uncovered diverse mechanisms of TB drug resistance that can be targeted to potentiate therapy, described previously unknown mechanisms of acquired drug resistance, and identified a class of existing antibiotics that may be particularly effective against a TB strain in Southeast Asia.

The current gold standard of TB testing requires people to cough up sputum. An alternative that will not require the coughing up of sputum is to perform an oral swab. Several studies exploring how well such oral swab TB tests perform at detecting TB are now underway in South Africa and elsewhere. If oral swab tests turn out to be accurate enough, they may revolutionize TB testing. Source: Spotlight

TB is still one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. In an interview with Coliquio, Ronald D. Gerste, MD, PhD, an ophthalmologist and historian, looked back on this disease's eventful history, which encompasses outstanding discoveries and catastrophic failures in diagnosis and treatment from the Middle Ages to the present day. Source: Medscape

While TB kills more people each year than HIV/AIDS and malaria combined, more money is allocated to HIV and malaria than to TB in the new strategy of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.

In 2019, the World Health Organization hailed the results of a candidate TB vaccine (M72/AS01E) as a major scientific breakthrough. But years later we are not much closer to seeing the vaccine. Why do TB vaccines take so long to develop compared to COVID-19 vaccines? Source: GroundUp

Worldwide reporting of TB cases declined during the pandemic due to lockdowns, social distancing and COVID-19’s disruption of the healthcare system. Now, TB experts are bracing for a surge of the disease, which, due to improved diagnostics and treatments, had been targeted for global control within 15 years. Source: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus

TB Alliance applauded the WHO’s rapid communication regarding new guidelines for treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). For the first time, almost all patients with DR-TB can be treated in six months with an all-oral regimen.

Medecins Sans Frontieres also welcomed the WHO’s rapid communication and called for the TB Alliance, Viatris, and Johnson & Johnson to bring down the price of pretomanid and bedaquiline bring down the price of pretomanid and bedaquiline to ensure that the price of a complete MDR-TB treatment course is no more than USD$500 per person.

Swiss healthcare company Roche and the Global Fund are to join forces in strengthening TB diagnostic capabilities and pandemic preparedness in low and middle-income countries.This partnership includes aspects of environmental sustainability.

Early success with Nigeria's implementation of the new and shorter six-month tuberculosis treatment regimen in four states could pave the way for its rollout nationwide.

Tuberculosis is the oldest pandemic, and poverty makes it continue.It is preventable and curable, yet it afflicts one quarter of the world’s population — mostly because of poverty.

The University of Cape Town’s Lung Institute is conducting a new trial involving BTZ-043 (benzothiazinone DprE1 blocker), a novel TB drug candidate. There are also plans to test BTZ-043 in combination with two other new TB drug candidates. If all goes well, the new drug regimen could reduce TB treatment from the current six months to four. Full details about the trial are available here. Listen to a podcast about the trial.

A study from Thailand, published in the Journal of the International AIDS Society, found that the TB incidence was remarkably high among people with HIV during the first year on antiretroviral therapy, and thereafter, decreased significantly until reaching levels comparable to those in the Thai general population after ten years.

In a paper published in Cell Reports, immunologists discovered that adaptive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis matures over time. The first subset of infection-fighting T lymphocytes does not become fully active until three months after the infection, and the emergence of a second subset of T cells at five months post-infection can contribute to bacterial clearance and recovery.

In February 2022, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released provisional guidance for the use of pretomanid as part of the bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) regimen to treat drug-resistant TB. The guidance gives considerations for administration, precautions and adverse events, and microbiological monitoring.

According to a new modelling study published in The Lancet Global Health, testing household contacts for TB and providing preventive treatment could avert almost 4,000 deaths in children under 15 globally every year.

A study published in Diabetes Care suggested that people with latent TB infection are at increased risk of developing diabetes.

Study results published in The Lancet Global Health and The Journal of Infectious Diseases suggested there is an increased risk for TB among people with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Papua New Guinea experiences outbreaks of a highly drug-resistant M.tb , with resistance to newer drugs such as bedaquiline, prompting a call for greater surveillance.

Nature reports scientists seeking to decode the biology of TB are combining sequencing, chemistry and imaging techniques to investigate interactions between pathogens and host cells.

Researchers have identified rare genetic markers in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that could improve early detection of drug-resistant strains of the disease, helping prevent their spread.

Researchers have made what they call 'a major step' in understanding how Mycobacterium tuberculosis acquires iron from its human host — a process essential for the pathogenesis of this bacterium.

The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease released the May 2022 issue of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IJTLD). It includes TB-related research publications.

RESIST-TB released its May 2022 newsletter with the latest research publications on drug-resistant TB.